9th century BC?: Homer

• TODO Illiad
  
• TODO Odyssey
  

TODO The Old Testament

525-456 BC: Aeschylus

• TODO Tragedies
  

495-406 BC: Sophocles

• TODO Tragedies
  

484-425 BC: Herodotus

• TODO History (of the Persian Wars)
  

485-406 BC: Euripides

• TODO Tragedies (especially Medea, Hippolytus, The Bacchae)
  

460-400 BC: Thucydides

• TODO History of the Peloponnesian War
  

460-377? BC: Hippocrates

• TODO Medical writings
  

448-380 BC: Aristophanes

• TODO Comedies (especially The Clouds, The Birds, The Frogs)
  

427-347 BC: Plato

• TODO Dialogues (especially The Republic, Symposium, Phaedo Meno, Apology, Phaedrus, Protagoras, Gorgias, Sophist, Theaetetus)
  

384-322 BC: Aristotle

• TODO Works (especially Organon, Physics, Metaphysics, On the Soul, The Nichomachean Ethics, Politic, Rhetoric, Poetics)
  

341-270 BC: Epicurus

• TODO Letter to Herodotus
  
• TODO Letter to Menoeceus
  

fl.300 BC: Euclid

• TODO Elements (of Geometry)
  

287-212 BC: Archimedes

• TODO Works (especially On the Equilibrium of Planes, On Floating Bodies, The Sand-Reckoner)
  

fl.240 BC: Apollonius of Perga

• TODO On Conic Sections
  

106-43 BC: Cicero

• TODO Works (especially Orations, On Friendship, On Old Age)
  

95-55 BC: Lucretius

• TODO On the Nature of Things
  

70-19 BC: Virgil

• TODO Works
  

65-8 BC: Horace

• TODO Works (especially Odes and Epodes, The Art of Poetry)
  

59BC-17AD: Livy

• TODO History of Rome
  

43BC-17AD: Ovid

• TODO Works (especially Metamorphoses)
  

45-120: Plutarch

• TODO Lives of the Noble Grecians and Romans Moralia
  

55-117: Tacitus

• TODO Histories
  
• TODO Annals
  
• TODO Agricola
  
• TODO Germania
  

fl.100: Nicomachus if Gerasa

• TODO Introduction to Arithmetic
  

60-120: Epictetus

• TODO Discourses
  
• TODO Encheiridion (handbook)
  

100-178, fl. 127-151: Ptolemy

• TODO Almagest
  

120-190: Lucian

• TODO Works (especially The Way to Write History, The True History, The Sale of Creeds)
  

121-180: Marcus Aurelius

• TODO Meditations
  

130-200: Galen

• TODO On Natural Faculties
  

TODO The New Testament

205-270: Plotinus

• TODO The Enneads
  

354-430: St. Augustine

• TODO Works (especially On the Teacher, Confessions, The City of God, Christian Doctrine)
  

TODO 12th century?: The Song of Roland

TODO 13th century?: The Nibelungenlied (The Volsunga Saga is the Scandinavian version of the same legend)

TODO ?: The Saga of Burnt Njal

1225-1274: St. Thomas Aquinas

• TODO Summa Theologica
  

1265-1321: Dante Alighieri

• TODO Works (especially The New Life, On Monarchy, The Divine Comedy)
  

1340-1400: Geoffrey Chaucer

• TODO Works (especially Trolius and Criseyde, Cantebury Tales)
  

1452-1519: Leonardo da Vinci

• TODO Notebooks
  

1469-1527: Niccolo Machiavelli

• TODO The Prince
  
• TODO Discourses on the First Ten Books of Livy
  

1469-1536: Desiderius Erasmus

• TODO The Praise of Folly
  

1473-1543: Nicolaud Copernicus

• TODO On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres
  

1478-1535: Sir Thomas More

• TODO Utopia
  

1483-1546: Martin Luther

• TODO The Treatises
  
• TODO Table-Talk
  

1495-1553: Francois Rabelais

• TODO Gargantua and Pantagruel
  

1509-1564: John Calvin

• TODO Institutes of the Christian Religion
  

1533-1592: Michel de Montaigne

• TODO Essays
  

1540-1603: William Gilbert

• TODO On the Loadstone and Magnetic Bodies
  

1547-1616: Miguel de Cervantes

• TODO Don Quixote
  

1552-1599: Edmund Spenser

• TODO Prothalamion
  
• TODO The Faerie Queen
  

1561-1626: Francis Bacon

• TODO Essays
  
• TODO Advancement of Learning
  
• TODO Novum Organum
  
• TODO New Atlantis
  

1564-1616: William Shakespeare

• TODO Works
  

1564-1642: Galileo Galilei

• TODO The Starry Messenger
  
• TODO Dialogues Concerning Two New Sciences
  

1571-1630: Johannes Kepler

• TODO Epitome of Copernican Astronomy
  
• TODO Concerning the Harmonies of the World
  

1578-1657: William Harvey

• TODO On the Motion of the Heart and Blood in Animals
  
• TODO On the Circulation of the Blood
  
• TODO On the Generation of Animals
  

1588-1679: Thomas Hobbes

• DONE The Leviathan
  

1596-1650: Rene Descartes

• TODO Rules for the Direction of the Mind
  
• TODO Discourse on Method
  
• TODO Geometry
  
• TODO Meditations on First Philosophy
  

1608-1674: John Milton

• TODO Works (especially The Minor Poems, Areopagitica, Paradise Lost, Samson, Agonistes)
  

1622-1673: Moliere

• TODO Comedies (especially The Miser, The School for Wives, The Misanthrope, The Doctor in Spite of Himself, Tartuffe)
  

1623-1662: Blaise Pascal

• TODO The Provincial Letters
  
• TODO Pensees
  
• TODO Scientific Treatises
  

1629-1695: Christiaan Huygens

• TODO Treatise on Light
  

1632-1677: Benedict de Spinoza

• TODO Ethics
  

1632-1704: John Locke

• TODO Letter Concerning Toleration
  
• DONE "Of Civil Government" (second treatise in Two Treatises on Government)
  
• TODO Essay Concerning Human Understanding
  
• TODO Some Thoughts Concerning Education
  

1639-1699: Jean Baptiste Racine

• TODO Tragedies (especially Andromache, Phaedra)
  

1642-1727: Isaac Newton

• TODO Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy
  
• TODO Optics
  

1646-1716: Gottfried Wilhelm von Leibniz

• TODO Discourse on Metaphysics
  
• TODO New Essays Concerning Human Understanding
  
• TODO Monadology
  

1660-1731: Daniel Defoe

• TODO Robinson Crusoe
  

1667-1745: Jonathan Swift

• TODO A Tale of a Tub
  
• TODO Journal to Stella
  
• TODO Gulliver's Travels
  
• TODO A Modest Proposal
  

1670-1729: William Congreve

• TODO The Way of the World
  

1685-1753: George Berkeley

• TODO Principles of Human Knowledge
  

1688-1744: Alexander Pope

• TODO Essay on Criticism
  
• TODO Rape of the Lock
  
• TODO Essay on Man
  

1689-1755: Charles de Secondat, Baron de Montesquieu

• TODO Persian Letters
  
• TODO Spirit of Laws
  

1694-1778: Voltaire

• TODO Letters on the English
  
• TODO Candide
  
• TODO Philosophical Dictionary
  

1707-1754: Henry Fielding

• TODO Joseph Andrews
  
• TODO Tom Jones
  

1709-1784: Samuel Johnson

• TODO The Vanity of Human Wishes
  
• TODO Dictionary
  
• TODO Rasselas
  
• TODO The Lives of the Poets (especially the essays on Milton and Pope)
  

1711-1776: David Hume

• TODO Treatise of Human Nature
  
• TODO Essays Moral and Political
  
• TODO An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding
  

1712-1778: Jean Jacques Rousseau

• TODO On the Origin of Inequality
  
• TODO On Political Economy
  
• TODO Emile
  
• TODO The Social Contract
  

1713-1768: Lawrence Sterne

• TODO Tristram Shandy
  
• TODO A Sentimental Journey Through France and Italy
  

1723-1790: Adam Smith

• TODO The Theory of Moral Sentiments
  
• TODO Inquiry into the Nature and Cause of the Wealth of Nations
  

1724-1804: Immanuel Kant

• TODO Critique of Pure Reason
  
• TODO Fundamental Principles of the Metaphysics of Morals
  
• TODO Critique of Practical Reason
  
• TODO The Science of Right
  
• TODO Critiqur of Judgement
  
• TODO Perpetual Peace
  

1737-1794: Edward Gibbon

• TODO The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire
  
• TODO Autobiography
  

1740-1795: James Boswell

• TODO Journal (especially London Journal)
  
• TODO Life of Samuel Johnson LL.D.
  

1743-1794: Antoine Laurent Lavoisier

• TODO Elements of Chemistry
  

1745-1829, 1751-1856, 1757-1804: John Jay, James Madison, Alexander Hamilton

• TODO Federalist Papers (together with Articles of Confederation, The Constitution of the United States, and The Declaration of Indepdence)
  

1748-1832: Jeremy Bentham

• TODO Introduction to the Principles and Morals of Legislation
  
• TODO Theory of Fictions
  

1749-1832: Johan Wolfgang von Goethe

• TODO Faust
  
• TODO Potry and Truth
  

1768-1830: Jean Baptiste Joseph Fourier

• TODO Analytical Theory of Heat
  

1770-1831: Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel

• TODO Phenomenology of Spirit
  
• TODO Philosophy of Right
  
• TODO Lectures of the Philosophy of History
  

1770-1850: William Wordsworth

• TODO Poems (especially Lyrical Ballads, Lucy Poems, Sonnets; The Prelude)
  

1772-1834: Samuel Taylor Coleridge

• TODO Poems (especially Kubla Kahn, Rime of the Ancient Mariner
  
• TODO Biographia Literaria
  

1775-1817: Jane Austen

• TODO Pride and Prejudice
  
• TODO Emma
  

1780-1831: Karl von Clausewitz

• TODO On War
  

1783-1842: Stendhal

• TODO The Red and the Black
  
• TODO The Chartehouse of Parma
  
• TODO On Love
  

1788-1824: George Gordon, Lord Byron

• TODO Don Juan
  

1788-1860: Arthur Schopenhauer

• TODO Studies in Pessimism
  

1791-1867: Michael Faraday

• TODO Chemical History of a Candle
  
• TODO Experimental Researches in Electricity
  

1797-1875: Charles Lyell

• TODO Principles of Geology
  

1798-1857: Auguste Comte

• TODO The Positive Philosophy
  

1799-1850: Honore de Balzac

• TODO Pere Goriot
  
• TODO Eugenie Grandet
  

1803-1882: Ralph Waldo Emerson

• TODO Representative Men
  
• TODO Essays
  
• TODO Journal
  

1804-1864: Nathaniel Hawthorne

• TODO The Scarlet Letter
  

1805-1859: Alexis de Tocqueville

• TODO Democracy in America
  

1806-1873: John Stuart Mill

• TODO A System of Logic
  
• TODO On Liberty
  
• TODO Representative Government
  
• TODO Utilitarianism
  
• TODO The Subjection of Women
  
• TODO Autobiography
  

1809-1882: Charles Darwin

• TODO The Origin of Species
  
• TODO The Descent of Man
  
• TODO Autobiography
  

1812-1870: Charles Dickens

• TODO Works (especially Pickwick Papers, David Copperfield, Hard Times)
  

1813-1878: Claude Bernard

• TODO Introduction to the Study of Experimental Medicine
  

1817-1862: Henry David Thoreau

• TODO Civil Disobedience
  
• TODO Walden
  

1818-1883: Karl Marx

• TODO Capital (together with Communist Manifesto)
  

1818-1890: George Eliot

• TODO Adam Bede
  
• TODO Middlemarch
  

1819-1891: Herman Melville

• TODO Moby-Dick
  
• TODO Billy Budd
  

1821-1881: Fyodor Dostoevsky

• TODO Crime and Punishment
  
• TODO The Idiot
  
• TODO The Brothers Karamazov
  

1821-1880: Gustave Flaubert

• TODO Madame Bovary
  
• TODO Three Stories
  

1826-1906: Henrik Isben

• TODO Plays (especially Hedda Gabler, A Doll's House, The Wild Duck)
  

1828-1910: Leo Tolstoy

• TODO War and Peace
  
• TODO Anna Karenina
  
• TODO What is Art?
  
• TODO Twenty-three Tales
  

1835-1910: Mark Twain

• TODO The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn
  
• TODO The Mysterious Stranger
  

1842-1910: William James

• TODO The Principles of Psychology
  
• TODO The Varieties of Religious Experience
  
• TODO Pragmatism
  
• TODO Essays in Radical Empiricism
  

1843-1916: Henry James

• TODO The American
  
• TODO The Ambassadors
  

1844-1900: Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche

• TODO Thus Spoke Zarathustra
  
• TODO Beyond Good and Evil
  
• TODO The Geneology of Morals
  
• TODO The Will to Power
  

1854-1912: Jules Henri Poincare

• TODO Science and Hypothesis
  
• TODO Science and Method
  

1856-1939: Sigmund Freud

• TODO The Interpretation of Dreams
  
• TODO Introductory Lectures on Psychoanalysis
  
• TODO Civilization and It's Discontents
  
• TODO New Introductory Lectures on Psychoanalysis
  

1856-1950: George Bernard Shaw

• TODO Plays (and Prefaces) (especially Man and Superman, Major Barbara, Origin and Caesar and Cleopatra, Pygmalion, Saint Joan)
  

1858-1947: Max Planck

• TODO Origin and Development of the Quantum Theory
  
• TODO Where is Science Going?
  
• TODO Scientific Autobiography
  

1859-1941: Henri Bergson

• TODO Time and Free Will
  
• TODO Matter and Memory
  
• TODO Creative Evolution
  
• TODO The Two Sources of Morality and Religion
  

1859-1952: John Dewey

• TODO How We Think
  
• TODO Democracy and Education
  
• TODO Experience and Nature
  
• TODO Logic, The Theory of Enquiry
  

1861-1947: Alfred North Whitehead

• TODO An Introduction to Mathematics
  
• TODO Science and the Modern World
  
• TODO The Aims of Education and Other Essays
  
• TODO Adventures of Ideas
  

1863-1952: George Santayana

• TODO The Life of Reason
  
• TODO Skepticism and Animals Faith
  
• TODO Persons and Places
  

1870-1924: Nikolai Lenin

• TODO The State and Revolution
  

1871-1922: Marcel Proust

• TODO Remembrance of Things Past
  

1872-1970: Bertrand Russell

• TODO The Problems of Philosophy
  
• TODO The Analysis of Mind
  
• TODO An Inquiry into Meaning and Truth
  
• TODO Human Knowledge: Its Scope and Limits
  

1875-1955: Thomas Mann

• TODO The Magic Mountain
  
• TODO Joseph and His Brothers
  

1879-1955: Albert Einstein

• TODO The Meaning of Relativity
  
• TODO On the Method of Theoretical Physics
  
• TODO The Evolution of Physics (with L. Infeld)
  

1882-1941: James Joyce

• TODO "The Dead" in Dubliners
  
• TODO Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man
  
• TODO Ulysses
  

1882-1973: Jacques Maritain

• TODO Art and Scholasticism
  
• TODO The Degrees of Knowledge
  
• TODO The Rights of Man and Natural Law
  
• TODO True Humanism
  

1883-1924: Franz Kafka

• TODO The Trial
  
• TODO The Castle
  

1889-1975: Arnold Toynbee

• TODO A Study of History
  
• TODO Civilization on Trial
  

1905-1980: Jean-Paul Sartre

• TODO Nausea
  
• TODO No Exit
  
• TODO Being and Nothingness
  

1918-2008: Aleksandr I. Solzhenitsyn

• TODO The First Circle
  
• TODO Cancer Ward
  

  More to add at a later point (it's a long list)